Relative node polynomials for plane curves

We generalize the recent work of S. Fomin and G. Mikhalkin on polynomial formulas for Severi degrees. The degree of the Severi variety of plane curves of degree d and δ nodes is given by a polynomial in d , provided δ is fixed and d is large enough. We extend this result to generalized Severi varieties parametrizing plane curves that, in addition, satisfy tangency conditions of given orders with respect to a given line. We show that the degrees of these varieties, appropriately rescaled, are given by a combinatorially defined “relative node polynomial” in the tangency orders, provided the latter are large enough. We describe a method to compute these polynomials for arbitrary δ, and use it to present explicit formulas for δ ≤ 6. We also give a threshold for polynomiality, and compute the first few leading terms for any δ.